Thermo Dynamics

Junker’s Gas Calorimeter: Definition, Formula, Construction, Working, Uses, Advantages

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What is Junker’s Gas Calorimeter? Junker’s gas calorimeter is a device designed for the measurement of the calorific value of gaseous fuels, particularly natural gas. It is named after the German engineer Otto Junker, who developed this calorimeter. The calorific value, also known as heating value or energy content, represents the amount of heat released …

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What is the coefficient of performance of a refrigerator or an air conditioner?

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The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator or an air conditioner is a measure of its efficiency in transferring heat from a lower temperature reservoir (the inside of the refrigerator or conditioned space) to a higher temperature reservoir (the surroundings). The COP is defined as the ratio of the desired output (cooling effect) to …

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Compound Vapour Compression Refrigeration System: Definition, Components, Working Principle, Advantages

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What is Compound Vapour Compression Refrigeration System? A compound vapor compression refrigeration system is an advanced configuration of the traditional vapor compression refrigeration system. It involves multiple stages of compression and expansion, often utilizing multiple compressors and evaporators, to achieve improved performance, higher efficiency, and the ability to handle a broader range of operating conditions. …

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Simple Vapour Compression Refrigeration systems: Definition, Components, Types, Functions, Advantages & Disadvantages

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What is Simple Vapour Compression Refrigeration systems? A Simple Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) System is a common and efficient method used for cooling in various applications, such as air conditioning, refrigeration, and heat pumps. The basic working principle involves the circulation of a refrigerant through a closed loop, undergoing phase changes to absorb heat from …

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What is the throttling process in thermodynamics?

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What is Throttling Process? In thermodynamics, throttling refers to a process where a fluid undergoes a rapid and irreversible expansion through a valve or a throttle. This expansion results in a significant drop in pressure without any significant change in temperature. The throttling process is considered an isenthalpic process, meaning there is no change in …

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Air Fuel Ratio: Definition, Formula, Examples, Advantages, Applications

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What is Air Fuel Ratio? The air-fuel ratio (AFR) is a critical parameter in combustion processes, representing the ratio of the mass or volume of air to the mass or volume of fuel in a combustion mixture. It is a fundamental concept in internal combustion engines, industrial burners, and other combustion systems. The air-fuel ratio …

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Dulong’s formula for H.C.V and L.C.V?

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Dulong’s formula is a mathematical equation used to estimate the Higher Calorific Value (HCV) and Lower Calorific Value (LCV) of a fuel based on its elemental composition. The formula relates the calorific values to the percentages of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O) present in the fuel. The equation for estimating HCV …

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What is Thermodynamic Process in Gases?

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What is Thermodynamic Process in Gases? A thermodynamic process in gases refers to the transformation of a gas from one state to another, involving changes in temperature, pressure, volume, and internal energy. These processes are governed by the laws of thermodynamics and are essential for understanding and analyzing the behavior of gases in various physical …

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Calorific Value of Fuel: Definition, Units, Formula, Types, Applications, Advantages

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What is Calorific Value of Fuel? Calorific value, also known as heating value or energy content, is a measure of the energy released during the combustion of a substance. It quantifies the amount of heat energy produced per unit of the substance. Calorific value is typically expressed in units like joules per kilogram (J/kg) or …

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Units of Refrigeration or Rating for Refrigeration

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What is Units of Refrigeration? The unit of refrigeration is a measure of the cooling capacity provided by a refrigeration system. The two most common units used to express refrigeration capacity are the ton of refrigeration and the watt. These units of refrigeration capacity are essential in describing the performance and efficiency of refrigeration systems. …

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