Different Types of Engine:
Types of Engines: Engines are different types according to there working process, arrangement, fuel etc. Based on the combustion process Engines are of two types they are Internal Combustion Engine and External Combustion Engine. The detailed explanation about different types of engines are as follows.
Types of Engine:
1.Internal Combustion Engine and
2.External Combustion Engine
Internal Combustion Engines:
- Internal combustion engines use diesel and petrol as fuel to develop heat and convert into mechanical energy. Both the engines work on the same process but there is a change in the ignition process.
- In diesel engines, air-fuel mixture burns with a high compression ratio and develops heat to convert into mechanical energy.
- In petrol engines, air-fuel mixture burns with the help of spark plug. the additional spark plug is used to ignite the air-fuel mixture. in this type of engines compression ratio is less than the diesel engine.
- Comparing to both diesel and petrol engines, ignition of fuel is fast in petrol, the compression ratio is high in a diesel engine, Diesel engines develops high torque at lower speeds than a petrol engine. Diesel engines offer better mileage than petrol and emissions are more in diesel than petrol.
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External combustion engines:
- External combustion engines are steam and gas engines. in these engines, steam is developed by heating water to high temperature. and this developed steam used to flow into turbines to rotate the shaft and power is produced in generators. This type of engines is used at power plants to run huge turbines and produce power through it.Generally, coal is mostly used at power plants to heat water and in some cases, nuclear reactors are used as fuel. depending upon the working conditions, safety and cost fuel is selected.Nuclear power plants are more dangerous than coal type.
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Types of Internal combustion engine:
Two-Stroke engine:
- In two-stroke engines, the complete process is done in two strokes of the piston. suction, compression, combustion, and exhaustion take place in two strokes of a piston in a cylinder. two strokes engines have greater mechanical efficiency than four-stroke.
- By using diesel as fuel lower efficiency is obtained and lower torque is obtained, higher emissions are more and less mileage is obtained than four-stroke, so most of the diesel engines are four-stroke.
- Using petrol as fuel higher output and high efficiency is obtained and gaining high speed is possible but there are more emissions in two-stroke compared to four-stroke.
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Four-Stroke engine:
- In four stroke engines, the complete cycle is done in four-strokes of a piston suction, compression, combustion, and exhaustion.
- Most of the diesel engines are four-stroke due to efficiency, the torque developed, mileage, gases emission etc.But in the petrol engine according to the requirement, two-stroke or four-stroke is used.
- In petrol engine usage of four-stroke depends mainly on speed, load, torque, efficiency, and emissions.
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Single cylinder engine:
- A single cylinder is mostly used in bikes, this type of cylinders produce less power compared to multi cylinders and this type of engines use less fuel than multi-cylinders.
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Multi-cylinders:
- Multi-cylinders are used to generate high power, torque, and more efficiency compared to single cylinder engines.some of the multi cylinders are complex in shape and not manufactured by many companies, this type of cylinder arrangements are different types which is explained below.
According to the arrangement of pistons:
Straight/In-line vertical engines:
- The name itself gives an idea about the engine design, Inline engine piston are arranged in a single row which is a straight line. this type of engines mostly uses 4 and 6 cylinders in a single line. the arrangement of piston makes the construction easy than many types of multi-cylinder engines, this type of engines not only used in cars but they also used in aviation.
Opposed-Cylinder Engine:
- In this type of engine, pistons are placed opposite to each other and these engines produce high power and the function of this engine is smooth.
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V-Shape engines:
- V-Shape engines are mostly used in nowadays there are different types of V-Shape engines like V-4, V-6, V-8, V-12. This type of engines has two rows and the number of cylinders is arranged equally on both sides. this type of engines is small and with high rigidity.
W-Type Engines:
- This type of engines are the combination of V and VR, W engines are manufactured to develop high power output and more efficiency than the normal types. this type of engines is manufactured by the Volkswagen company.
Radial engines:
- This type of engines is mostly used in aircraft, this type of engine consist of a single crankshaft that connected to the connecting rod. this type of engines produces high power.
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